Well, to be honest, the recordings you have sound old-timey, like a retro rag-time movie, which isn't quite up to the standards these days.
I think the reason I thought the chiptune beeping sounds were off-key and you thought it was okay was because it was supposed to be background FX. However, the way it's playing, it sounds like it's trying to play actual notes, rather than be in the background creating a digital atmosphere. If you can manage to make it sound like those beeping sounds are properly carrying out their purpose, it could work.
Have you thought about looking up your speaker and headphone models and checking their frequency ranges? If they have overboosts in the bass, it'll make you think you have more bass, and if they have terrible high passes above the bass frequencies, you shouldn't really hear much bass no matter what you do.