Yeah, most anime is classified by the artist who draws certain memorable styles, such as Miyazaki, Toriyama, Obata, etc.
Manga is the same, as I can pick out stuff by Yuki Kaori and Yoshitaka Amano by a glance, but there is usually slight differences in manga styled-art as opposed to anime styles...most notably shading differences and use of line technique and medium. Ayami Kojima's stuff also falls in here, though her stuff is video-game, it's more based in manga style than anime.
You have your super-deformed, or 'Chibi' style, which is usually very big head and very small body and looking as cute as possible.
Art styles sometimes go along with the genre of anime and manga as well. Shoujo and Shonen anime/manga usually has a distinct style about it that's more or less uniform except for artist's personal styles being mixed in.