With regards to the generally non-electronic music, at least for me, I learned it in a music appreciation college class. I have an excel file I made that reviewed the whole semester for my final.
The ones from there that I recall to be orchestral are aria, ensemble, recitative, minuet (sometimes, such as Minuet in G), theme & variations, concerto, concerto grosso, trio sonata, sonata, minuet & trio, str. quartet, symphony, rondo, chamber music, program symphony, overture, concert overture, music drama (Wagner), tone poem, and incidental music (sometimes).